Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Definitions of Film Response Essay Samples Ib

Definitions of Film Response Essay Samples Ib So, it's important to entertain yourself from every facet of entertainment. Bear in mind that if you analyze your paper, your principal task is to make certain your audience understands the key points without a lot of difficulty. A small change can begin an enormous chain reaction in the proper direction to solving many issues involving our environment. Social media might be noisy location, and just in focusing on your work and content can you find some type of peace in the middle of attempting to be heard. School Response Essay Writing isn't a breeze. You may have a look at our Sample College Essays for more information. Academic papers need you to identify a specific angle to pursue in writing, which is going to be the basis of the paper. If your school isn't one already, learn to develop into an IB World School as a way to implement the DP. After the first couple of weeks of the semester, you're expected to produce your own writing topics. As a way to excel in an elongated essay, the student must strategize to be able to comprehensively compose a topic. Many students decide to use essay samples to compose their papers but it's not always an excellent idea. You will have the ability to review a sample essay. To make it simpler for you to compose a crucial analysis essay, we've got a valuable analysis writing template that will direct you through the most vital points. A reading response essay pursues the purpose of summarizing a text below your consideration and demonstrating your reaction to the bit of writing. Developing a summary and response essay can be a difficult task. The other facet of Computer Science involves being in a position to program. Give a concise illustration of what's going to be discussed in the review and proceed to the thesis. Be certain that the thesis is original and at the exact same time dependent on the analysis. It's possible to download totally free essay example papers on the Internet. It's a good idea to remember that in the event that you do not write clearly, it will be quite tricky to come up with your arguments. As a way to understand that you're working with a crucial analysis, you've got to try to remember that analysis means breaking down and studying of the parts. As stated in my preceding post defining artificial intelligence is notoriously challenging. You have to reveal your critical thinking abilities and make judgments about the subject as you analyze a report, so it's possible to produce clear opinion and conclusions. A completed movie is similar to a puzzle. Illustrate both the message of the film and the way the film connects to a person. Construct a narrative overview of how you intend to talk about your films. Written By Nicole Goldstein One of the absolute most important elements in a film is the vital expression of the film that you're making. First of all, you've got to observe the movie. Movies are among the most affordable, but, at precisely the same time one of the most enjoyable and all-inclusive entertainment. Therefore, they mean entertainment as well as a medium of a message to change the perception. The movie thus is among the great must watch on account of the above stated reasons. A movie review writing guide provides the writer instructions on the best way to compose a movie review. On the last part, you may also compare the documentary with others in the exact same genre or subject in order to produce readers have more thorough understanding of the review. The introduction is easily the most appealing method of the way to begin a movie review, and contains the overview of the film and opinion which will be stated. The introduction for a movie review needs to be appealing, so the reader can find the feel of wanting to read more.

Networks and Distributed System SDN and PBM - Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theNetworks and Distributed System for SDN and PBM. Answer: Introduction As the technology is advanced, challenges are also increased proportionally. As the network access and usage is increased the challenges of distribution of the appropriate content and resources to the end user are also proportionally increasing. As the computing devices are in a wider range, requirements of the end user are also in a wider range, it needs a detailed evaluation of the contemporary networking approaches made available today. Software Defined Networks Definition Software Defined Networking is anew networking approaches that to manage the services of the network, through higher-level functionality abstraction, by the network administrator. The functionality can be achieved through system decoupling and makes appropriate decisions of where to send the traffic from control plane, the system underlying and let the traffic to forward towards the data plane or to the targeted destination. The function of the SDN is more associated with the OpenFlow protocol for communicating with the elements of network plan, however, OpenFlow has not been a single solution for many companies, because of the emergence of many new different techniques. Architecture The architecture of the SDN is based on the OpenFlow protocol, as a foundational element to build the proposed solution. So, the architecture has the following characteristics. Agile Administrators will be enabled to abstract the control from forwarding and allow the flow of the network wide traffic, dynamically, based on the dynamically changing traffic needs. Directly Programmable Administrator can program the network control directly, as forwarding functions can be very well decoupled. Centrally Managed Network intelligence is centralized, logically in the SDN controllers that are software based and allows maintaining network global view that appears to engines for policy and applications as a switch that is logical and single. Open Standards-based and vendor-neutral The network operations and network design are simplified, when these are implemented through the open standards, because SDN controllers are provided, instead of the vendor-specific, multiple devices and protocols. Programmatically Configured The network manages would be able to configure secure, optimize and manage the network resources easily and quickly through automated and dynamic SDN programs that can even be written by themselves, as the programs are independent of the proprietary software. Benefits The new SDN architecture is developed to manage the needs of the traffic resulted from the explosion of the server virtualization, cloud services advent and mobile devices and related content and the relative trends to drive the networking industry and help re-examining the architectures of the traditional network. The present or current networks are built with Ethernet switches tiers and hierarchical that is arranged in a structure of a tree. This design is suitable for the networks of the client-server models. However, this is a static architecture that is poorly suitable to the present the needs of the dynamic computing and computing storage resulted from the enterprise campuses, data centres and carrier environment. The software defined networking has the following benefits to the processes, organizations. Managing the New Traffic Patterns The new traffic patterns of today within the enterprise data centre are now compatible with the software defined network. Todays changing traffic patterns of the network of the users are capable to be managed by the new networking approach. Users pushing the access to the new applications and corporate content from various mobile computing devices that connects at any point of time or anytime are the new demands and now easier and compatible with the SDN. The additional traffic that has been developing across the WAN (Wide Area Network) is resulting, as the new utility computing model that includes public cloud, private cloud or hybrid of both, by the enterprise data centre managers. Easier Consumerization of IT The job of the information technology is now easier to fulfil the demands of the increasing employing of the mobile computing devices, like notebooks, tablets, smartphones for accessing the corporate data and accommodate these computing devices. The fulfilment is done in a fine-grained manner and the intellectual data and corporate data can be well protected and meet the mandates of the compliance. Rising Cloud Services Enterprises can now result in growth of the devices, by embracing the cloud services, both private and public. The needs of the business units of the enterprises now can have agility for accessing the infrastructure, access applications and the resources of IT, on demand. The intention and planning of IT for cloud services can now be done in the increased security, auditing requirements, compliance. The elastic scaling of storage, resources of network, computing can now enable self-servicing provisioning, either in public or private cloud. More Bandwidth for Big Data The requirements and demands of todays mega data sets or big data with parallel processing over the servers connecting each other can be fulfilled with the software defined networks. Demand for the additional capacity of the network in the data centre can be fulfilled by the SDN. Architecture Figure: software defined networking architecture high level overview The architecture of the SDN has the following components. SDN Application SDN applications communicate their requirements of the networks and the respective desired behaviour of network toe the controller of the SND, explicitly, programmatically, directly, through NBI (Northbound Interface). It consists of NBI drivers and SDN Application logic. They expose another layer of control of the abstracted control, so that higher level NBIs are offered through the NBI agents. SDN Controller SDN controller is vital part of the architecture and is centralized logically. It acts as an in charge of Translating the requirements received from the application layer of SDN towards the data paths Providing the applications of the SDN with a network abstract view that include the events and statistics. Every SDN controller has SDN control logic, NBI agents, CDPI (Control to Data-Plane Interface) driver. SDN Data path SDN Data path is a vital component that acts as a logical network device and helps exposing visibility and controls the advertised forwarding and capabilities of data processing. SDN CDPI Control to Data-Plane Interface stands as an interface between the SDN path and controller. SDN NBI Northbound Interface works as interface between the SDN controllers and applications. Impact on IT Staff Adaptability Lower operating and hardware costs Improved uptime Improved planning and management Tighter security Policy Based Network Management Definition Policy Based network Management stands to be a new technology that is capable of simplifying the tedious and complex tasks related to the distributed system and network management. It enables the network administrator to deploy the policies to manage various distributed or network system aspects in simplified and flexible manner. The policies in turn govern the behaviour of the network and processing. Policies are the rules that are independent from the technology. They aim at enhancement of the managed devices hard-coded functionality by introducing the interpreted logic that changes dynamically, without changing the implementations underlying. It allows programmability to some extent, without the need for operation interruption of managed system. Architecture The architecture of the policy based management consists of the following four functional elements, PDP Policy Decision Point PMT Policy Management Tool PEP Policy Enforcement Point Policy Repository Figure: PBM Architecture and Elements PMT enables the administrator to enforce the policies definition or update in the managed network. Then the policies resulted are stored in the policy repository in a new form for corresponding to the information model. So, it ensures interoperability possible across the products resulted from many vendors. When the existing policies are changed or new ones are added, in the repository, the relevant PDP along with the necessary notifications, by the PMT issues. The policies are interpreted by the PDP and communicate the policies towards the PEP. The latter one is considered as a component used to run on a node that runs on policy awareness and enforces to execute the policies. All these components communicate with each other through many protocols. Policy Refinement Policy refinement transforms a abstract or higher level policy specification into concrete and low level policies, which could be enforced for the systems that are managed. Logical PBM Architecture Figure: Logical PBM Architecture of PBM Characteristics The following are the distinct characteristics of the network management and traffic that is policy based. Stateful traffic inspection Classification and categorization of the network, like data, video, web, voice, audio, protocol, etc. User identification, for instance, through hostname, IP address, login account, etc. Policy enforcement Application identification, anything like, application type and well-known service Deployment Policies Wider areas of services as well as the controls can be deployed through the policy based network management as the following, for example. Scope of control, like control of the mode groups, users, etc. Centralized policy management, with certain directives and rules that can be established on access policy of the network Scalability of the end-nodes, end-users, etc. Distribution policy controls, like resources of memory, local processor, etc. Network privileges, specific to the users, with roaming policies Network privileges specific to the applications, like bandwidth, admission control, etc. Restrictions of time and delay Restrictions of traffic class, like email, chat, email, web pages, etc. Restrictions of site, in terms of allowing specific URLs, denying specific URLs and IP Addresses Restrictions of content, like keywords, PICS ratings web documents, phrases with logical operators AND, OR, email etc. Dynamic bandwidth management, like reservation of bandwidth, bandwidth on demand, etc. Traffic recording performed based on triggers Prioritization of the traffic, like voice acceleration Surveillance of networking, with status monitor Alert notifications Reporting of violation Network congestion management Traffic billing, like accounting, budget allocation, etc. Example Policies The network administrator can set the networks with the following example policies. Allow access of internet only for a certain amount of time Allow access of only a few websites Only specified group of people to access the specific directories on the network Allow specified group to access certain services and resources of the network Allocate only a certain amount of bandwidth to particular application Run antivirus locally, on the server and client for every x minutes Virus check from a specific drive to the hard disk Automation of reactions that are pre-defined Translation of policies at higher level into the configuration of low level specifications of the low devices Example Deployment Figure: An Example Deployment PBM Conclusion There are new security challenges created by the pervasive mobile computing as well as the communication. These problems as well as the network management issues can be solved through the PBM networking approach. However, though there are many solutions, the same concept and approach brings new challenges. And the research is going on and continuing to overcome the new challenges. Benefits Policy Based Network Management has many benefits associated with the processes, organizations as the following. Client Based Paradigm A comprehensive network policy not only manages the traffic at the network backbone and pints of WAN access, but also should have manage the traffic at the origin. The network access is regulated by the firewalls, based on the server, without end-nodes direct involvement. It gives a clear indication that the end user or end node acts dumb. The new networking approach make the proxy based firewall, as a gateway, acts as viable and potential applications for control and security. Until this proxy becomes available, new services over the network are denied. Firewall that is based on packet inspection needs modifications that are application sensitive to the code of inspections towards providing maximum security and also help the new services to be allowed to pass through the firewall. In this client centric approach, content application specific inspection and the privileges of access for the new services can be provisioned easily at the location of the client, without modifying the client software. Network Traffic Management A spectrum of traffic that is quite typical and usual in the present network environments, adaptive and dynamic mechanisms would be offered by bandwidth specification, in association with the traffic policy. Usually, the applications traffic nature might be characterized by variable or constant bit rage, burst or continuous bandwidth allocation, continuous or loose relationships of timing between the delay sensitivity and endpoints. Here a potential combination of allocation of bandwidth based on application and priority offers intuitive and flexible resource management method. Managed Network Architecture The new networking approach makes the policy control protocol to be extensible and simpler to support information specific to the diverse client and policy directives, without the need for protocol modification. Distributed Architecture The architecture provided and distributed by policy.net, provides a module services and single framework towards simplification of traffic engineering. Deployment Configuration Policy gateway configuration supports all host end-nodes types over the network. Policy gateway configuration comprises multiple end-nodes of client distributed and gateway node that is single multi-homed on the LAN. Policy.net enterprise model can be configured in terms of license per seat and intended to deploy in the environment of business, which requires granular control of both end-users and end-nodes. Both of these configurations can operate with NAT (Network Address Translation), proxy server, VPN (Virtual Private Network) gateway or IP Router from any of the provider. Policy Agent Policy is enforced through packet, session and application level filters through the real time engine, from the agent. End Point Policy Enforcement Rules are enforced at each of the layer for determining the access to be partial, full or deny through traffic to the following layers towards evaluation further. After applying the rules, the traffic starts flowing through the rate control engines, where bandwidth privileges are enforced for service or application. Policy Server The policy server is set of database servers and manager, distributed ways to manage the agents of polcy at the network endpoints. Remote Administration Management services enabled through graphical user interfaces, with the help of policy administrator, remote console and policy monitor. Content Restriction Continuous issues that are associated with the blocking filters of content in the cyberspace are addressed by policy.net Activity Reports The activity report is provided including accurate and granular connection level information. Stateful Traffic Inspection Inspection of the content and protocols in compliance with the internet standards that are established by the stateful traffic provided by the real-time agents Network Congestion Management Meaningful congestion management can be facilitated from the prioritization and classification of the traffic deriving the rate controls. Agent Traffic Recorder The non-promiscuous operation mode is non-intrusive on the network traffic broadcast of traffic recorder and providers better performance and granularity, when compared with the traditional network monitors with promiscuous mode Remote Access Management The remote network access is controlled and regulated by policy.net through VPN connections and dialup adapters over the internet. System Security Security is enforced by the cryptographic technology and state-of-the-art encryption to ensure the user administration integrity, supervision and authentication. System Resource Requirements The effective use of algorithms and memory of non-paged system for content analysis of the incremental pocket are key to the performance at real time. Impact on IT Staff Policy Based Management impacts the IT staff in such a way that the resource provision is done only through the policies defined and distributed among them. The key success for this network approach is in the defining the policies, monitoring the network traffic and access consistently, throughout the life of the network. Analysis Both the SDN and PBM are potential in managing the traffic of the network with their own strengths and the following are the capabilities of them. Capability SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING POLICY BASED MANAGEMENT Provision of centralized networking Holistic enterprise management More granular security Lower cost for operating Savings of hardware and reduced expenditures of capital Cloud abstraction Guaranteed content delivery Networking management, physical Vs. Virtual Reduced downtime Isolation and traffic control Central networking management Extensibility Client based paradigm Improved network traffic management Managed network architecture Distributed architecture Deployment configuration Better policy agent End point policy enforcement Effective policy server Remote administration Content restriction Activity reports Stateful traffic inspection Network congestion management Agent traffic recorder Remote access management System security Effective usage of the resource requirements Infrastructure Requirements Apart from the regular requirements of the network, the following infrastructure is needed for the new networking approaches. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING POLICY BASED MANAGEMENT Model of automated control, centralized and provisioning Multi-tenancy support Supporting monitoring, establishment and maintenance of SLAs Optimizing network resources Increase service velocity Integration of Ethernet,applying the SDN principles and telecommunication technologies Infrastructure majorly in definition of the policies and implementation Recommendation SDN has the potential benefits to the proposed organization majorly in the effective management of the traffic, in a much easier ways, so that todays speed requirements of the network and internet can be achieved by the organization. However, there are many security issues associated with the SDN, as the infrastructure and protocols are yet to be tighter towards tighter and effective security of the content and privileges for the resources. PBM architecture has potential benefits to the organization that focuses on regulation of the provision of the resources of the network to the end user. In this context of adapting the new network architecture to the organization, end-users belong at various levels of hierarchy and the end user at each hierarchical level need unique set of control that can be defined with policies. PBM can justify the needs of unique set of controls to the end user and when the restrictions are regulations are made, the traffic would be automatically distributed to various content and resources, to at least half the extent and the remaining to be managed with other network speed enhancing methods. Out of the two choices, SDN and PBM, policy based management can be recommended for the safety and security of the intellectual property and fair distribution of the content and resources to the authorized users, without the possibilities of hacking, peeping, etc. References "Interop 2014: Avaya to showcase Automated Campus part of SDN initiative". Info Tech Lead. Agrawal, D. Giles, J,. Lee, K. Lobo, J, 2005, Policy Ratification, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Networks and Distributed Systems, Stockholm, Sweden. Al-Shaer, E. Hamed, H, 2004, Discovery of Policy Anomalies in Distributed Firewalls, proceedings of IEEE Communications Society Conference, Hong Kong. Al-Shaer, E. Hamed, H, 2004, Modeling and Management of Firewall Policies, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 1. Al-Shaer, Ehab, Al-Haj, Saeed, 2010, "FlowChecker: Configuration analysis and verification of federated OpenFlow infrastructures".Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Assurable and usable security configuration Bandara, A Lupu, EA. Russo, A, 2003, Using Event Calculus to Formalise Policy Specification and Analysis, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks, Lake Como, Italy. Benton, Kevin, Camp, L, Jean, Small, Chris, 2013, "Openflow vulnerability assessment".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking Bernardo, Chua, 2015, Introduction and Analysis of SDN and NFV Security Architecture (SA-SECA). 29th IEEE AINA 2015 Blair, L. Turner, K, 2005, Handling Policy Conflicts in Call Control, proceedings of International Conference on Feature Interaction, Leicester, UK. Braga, Rodrigo, Mota, Edjard, Passito, Alexandre, 2010, "Lightweight DDoS flooding attack detection using NOX/OpenFlow".Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2010 IEEE 35th Conference Canini, Marco, Venzano, Daniele, Peresini, Peter, Kostic, Dejan, Rexford, Jennifer; et al., 2012,A NICE Way to Test OpenFlow Applications. NSDI Charalambides, M. Flegkas, P. Pavlou, G, Loyola, R. Bandara, A. Lupu, E, Sloman, M, Russo, A. Dulay, N, 2009, Policy Conflict Analysis for DiffServ Quality of Service Management, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 6, No. 1. Davy, S. Jennings, B. Strassner, J, 2008, Application Domain Independent Policy Conflict Analysis Using Information Models, proceedings of IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, Bahia, Brazil. Feamster, Nick, 2010, "Outsourcing home network security".Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Home networks. Giotis, K, Argyropoulos, Christos, Androulidakis, Georgios, Kalogeras, Dimitrios, Maglaris, Vasilis, 2014, "Combining OpenFlow and sFlow for an effective and scalable anomaly detection and mitigation mechanism on SDN environments".Computer Networks Hayward, S, Sandra, O'Callaghan, Gemma, Sezer, Sakir, 2013, "SDN security: A survey".Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), 2013 IEEE SDN Jin, Ruofan, Wang, Bing, 2013, "Malware detection for mobile devices using software-defined networking".Research and Educational Experiment Workshop (GREE), 2013 Second GENI Kreutz, D, Ramos, Fernando, Verissimo, Paulo, 2013, "Towards secure and dependable software-defined networks".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. Lupu, E. Sloman, M, Conflicts in Policy-based Distributed Systems Management, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special Issue on Inconsistency Management, Vol. 25 Moore, B, Ellesson, E, Strassner, J, Westerinen, A, 2001, Policy Core Information Model,RFC 3060, IETF. Samak, T. Al-Shaer, E. Li, H, 2008, QoS Policy Modeling and Conflict Analysis, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Networks and Distributed Systems, New York, USA. Sherwood, Rob, Gibb, Glen, Yap, Kok-Kiong, Appenzeller, Guido, Casado, Martin, McKeown, Nick, Parulkar, Guru, 2009, "Flowvisor: A network virtualization layer".OpenFlow Switch Consortium, Tech. Rep Sloman, M, 1994, "Policy Driven Management for Distributed Systems," Journal of Network and Systems Management, Vol. 2, Plenoum Press Strassner, J, 2004, Policy-Based Network Management, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

The Happiest Day in My Life free essay sample

I was sitting in my room after finishing my home work. As my friends were away to hill stations, I was feeling very lonely. I watched the cars and other vehicles passing by and wished that like my friends, I would also have been travelling or passing my time. While my mind was occupied with thoughts of holidays and having fun with my friends, the door bell rang. I ran to answer it and found the postman with a parcel and a letter for me. I signed the paper and took the parcel. My hands were itching to open the packet as my curiosity knew no bounds. I ripped the parcel open and found a beautiful tape recorder in it. The parcel had been sent from the United States and the letter along with it was from my uncle who had sent me that wonderful gift. However, even more joy than receiving the tape recorder was the letter which my uncle had written. We will write a custom essay sample on The Happiest Day in My Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The letter was an invitation to go to the United States for my holidays. My uncle had arranged everything for me-the tickets and the visa, and I already had a passport. My heart skipped several beats as I ran to give this great news to my mother. She was taken aback initially and her first reaction was not so positive. However, she thought about it, consulted my father who was at his office and they both agreed to allow me to go to the United States to spend the rest of my holidays with my uncle. I jumped from room to room and started packing my clothes, my toys, my books and other articles that I would need on the flight and in America. My mind was filled with various ideas about how I would spend my time with my cousins. I started dreaming about Disney world, Universal studios, the Statue of Liberty, the Grand Canyon and all the other tourist attractions that I had read about in magazines. My father took me shopping the same day because he felt that I would need some more things to take with me. We bought gifts for my cousins and my uncle and aunt and when I came back home my cupboard was full of new clothes, shoes, gifts, etc. Since I had not expected any such thing to happen to me, and I had been feeling sorry for myself, this offer came as a great surprise. This was indeed the happiest day of my life and I dont think I shall ever forget it as long as I live.

Ohms Law - Voltage and Current relationship

Ohm's Law - Voltage and Current relationship Ohms Law is a key rule for analyzing electrical circuits, describing the relationship between three key physical quantities: voltage, current, and resistance. It represents that the current is proportional to the voltage across two points, with the constant of proportionality being the resistance. Using Ohms Law The relationship defined by Ohms law is generally expressed in three equivalent forms: I VÂ  /Â  RR V / IV IR with these variables defined across a conductor between two points in the following way: I represents the electrical current, in units of amperes. V represents the voltage measured across the conductor in volts, and R represents the resistance of the conductor in ohms. One way to think of this conceptually is that as a current, I, flows across a resistor (or even across a non-perfect conductor, which has some resistance), R, then the current is losing energy. The energy before it crosses the conductor is therefore going to be higher than the energy after it crosses the conductor, and this difference in electrical is represented in the voltage difference, V, across the conductor. The voltage difference and current between two points can be measured, which means that resistance itself is a derived quantity that cannot be directly measured experimentally. However, when we insert some element into a circuit that has a known resistance value, then you are able to use that resistance along with a measured voltage or current to identify the other unknown quantity. History of Ohms Law German physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm (March 16, 1789 - July 6, 1854 C.E.) conducted research in electricity in 1826 and 1827, publishing the results that came to be known as Ohms Law in 1827. He was able to measure the current with a galvanometer, and tried a couple of different set-ups to establish his voltage difference. The first was a voltaic pile, similar to the original batteries created in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. In looking for a more stable voltage source, he later switched to thermocouples, which create a voltage difference based to a temperature difference. What he actually directly measured was that the current was proportional to the temperature difference between the two electrical junctures, but since the voltage difference was directly related to the temperature, this means that the current was proportional to the voltage difference. In simple terms, if you doubled the temperature difference, you doubled the voltage and also doubled the current. (Assuming, of course, that your thermocouple doesnt melt or something. There are practical limits where this would break down.) Ohm wasnt actually the first to have investigated this sort of relationship, despite publishing first. Previous work by British scientist Henry Cavendish (October 10, 1731 - February 24, 1810 C.E.) in the 1780s had resulted in him making comments in his journals that seemed to indicate the same relationship. Without this being published or otherwise communicated to other scientists of his day, Cavendishs results werent known, leaving the opening for Ohm to make the discovery. Thats why this article isnt entitled Cavendishs Law. These results were later published in 1879 by James Clerk Maxwell, but by that point the credit was already established for Ohm. Other Forms of Ohms Law Another way of representing Ohms Law was developed by Gustav Kirchhoff (of Kirchoffs Laws fame), and takes the form of: J ÏÆ'E where these variables stand for: J represents the current density (or electrical current per unit area of cross section) of the material. This is a vector quantity representing a value in a vector field, meaning it contains both a magnitude and a direction.sigma represents the conductivity of the material, which is dependent upon the physical properties of the individual material. The conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistivity of the material. E represents the electric field at that location. It is also a vector field. The original formulation of Ohms Law is basically an idealized model, which doesnt take into account the individual physical variations within the wires or the electric field moving through it. For most basic circuit applications, this simplification is perfectly fine, but when going into more detail, or working with more precise circuitry elements, it may be important to consider how the current relationship is different within different parts of the material, and thats where this more general version of the equation comes into play.

Top 4 Activities to Reach Reluctant Readers

Top 4 Activities to Reach Reluctant Readers We have all had those students who have a love for reading, and the ones who dont. There may be many factors that correlate with why some students are reluctant to read. The book may be too hard for them, parents at home may not actively encourage reading, or the student is just not interested in what they are reading. As teachers, it is our job to help nurture and develop a love of reading in our students. By employing strategies and creating a few fun hands-on activities, we can motivate students to want to read, and not just because we make them read. The following four hands-on reading activities will encourage even the most reluctant readers to be excited about reading: Storia for iPad Technology today is unbelievable! There are so many ways to make books exciting that Scholastic book clubs decided to join in on the fun of ebooks! This app is exciting because not only is it free to download, but the amenities seem endless! There are literally thousands of books to download, from picture books to chapter books. Storia offers interactive read aloud books, a built-in highlighter and dictionary, along with learning activities to accompany the book. If you give a student the opportunity to choose a hands-on book of their choice, you will see it is a powerful way to encourage even the most reluctant reader. Record Students Reading Books Allowing children to choose what they want to read based upon their own interests will encourage them to want to read. A fun activity to try is to let the student select a book of their choice and record them reading the book aloud. Then play back the recording and have the student follow along to their voice. Research has shown that when students listen to themselves read, their reading becomes better. This is the perfect activity to add to your learning centers. Place a tape recorder and several different books in the reading center and allow students to take turns taping themselves read. Teacher Read Aloud Listening to stories from a teacher may be one of a students favorite parts of the school day. To instill this kind of passion for reading with your students, give them the opportunity to choose which book you read to the class. Choose two or three books that you feel are appropriate for your students and let them vote on the best one. Try to sway the vote towards the students who you know are the reluctant ones to read. Have a Scavenger Hunt Games are a fun way to engage students in learning while still having fun. Try creating a classroom scavenger hunt where each team has to read the clues to find out where the items they are searching for are. The students that do not like to read will not even realize they are practicing their reading skills.

Indians and Indian Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indians and Indian Policy - Essay Example Vince Deloria in his narrative highlights the issues of leadership and preservation of the Indian culture. Vince Deloria was a well known professor, leader and advocate for the Indian rights and cultural recognition. Deloria was a Standing Rock Sioux and he experienced firsthand the effect of government policies on the lives of native Indians. He wrote his narrative during his period as a professor and advocate of the native Indian rights. In the period between 1970 and 80, the Indian population experienced tremendous population growth that was not understood. Immediately after the Second World War, the Indian people were given opportunities to be economically empowered through the Indian Re-organization Act. However, this did not endear other races and people to identify with the Indian race since other people enjoyed better services and economic benefits. During this period Indians felt no sense of personal worth in propagating their culture or sense of identity (Calloway 567). Del oria however explains that this trend started to change in the 1980’s when people wanted to be recognized as Indians whether it was to gain educational or economical benefits. But this was the reason that endeared other races to becoming whites but it was the religious practice of the native Indians that made many white people to associate with the Indian culture. ... However, Deloria delivers the message that native Indians can only solve their problems through use of the culture since they understand their problems better than other people. Native Indians have suffered the problem of genuine leadership which contributed to Indian discrimination. As a result, it is a high time for Indians to recall their culture and chase away imposters who do not understand Indian culture or problems as advocated by Deloria (Calloway, p.571). On the other hand, Wilma Mankiller was the first woman Cherokee chief narrates her experiences as the chief of a native Indian tribe. In her story she highlights the challenges that the Cherokee people faced in living their lives normally in a country they were considered as minority ethnic group. Her early life prepared her for the role she was to engage in as a political leader among the Cherokee people. The lacklustre governmental policies gave her motivation to campaign and fight for the recognition of native Indian rig hts. Wilma wrote her stories so that she could share with future native Indians her story especially to the Indian women. Wilma wrote her narrative during a period when native Indians were enjoying recognition from other people especially the majority white population in the US (Calloway 573). It was during this period that Indian tribes were given the opportunity to choose their own leaders who could manage their own affairs. The change in government policy and the new policy changes that recognized Indians gave an opportunity for Indian tribes to govern their own affairs. Moreover, Indians were now educated and were better placed to manage their own affairs as elucidated by Wilma. The narrative told by Wilma is in fact true based on the real events that occurred

Final Exam - Marketing Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Exam - Marketing Audit - Research Paper Example The company revolutionized the concept of computing by introducing iPhone, iTune, and iPods to customers. 2.0 Answer 1 My impression about the company before visiting Apple’s store was dependent on various factors like product quality, state of art technology they offer. I am impressed with the Stylish product line such as iPhone, iPad and iTune offered by the company. Before visiting the store I thought of purchasing stylish product like iPhone from the store. 3.0 Answer 2 My impression about the company has changed after visiting their store. I am amazed with the staff behavior and their sales service. I am also impressed with the banners and designs they use (part of sales promotion) to attracts customer. Before visiting the store I was only thinking about their product quality but now I believe Apple has achieved market leadership due to their customer friendly behavior and superior sales service. Sales person of the company helped me to understand unique benefits of iPhon e 5 (product I am planning to purchase). Sales person told me that iPhone 5 is 20% lighter, 18% thinner than previous iPhone models. I am advised their staffs to visit Apple’s facebook page in order to join their community. Community membership will help me to get latest news and updates of from Apple. Overall impression about the company has changed from good to excellent after visiting Apple’s store. ... Staffs of the shop gave me highest priority when I visited their store. They also advised me to contact immediately for any kind of product related problems. I left the shop with a big smile complemented with satisfaction. 5.0 Answer 4 I have observed that management style of Apple has motivated the retail store to present their product in innovative manners. During product presentation staffs were trying to discuss minute details with customers. I have also observed that management of the retail store gives importance on creating systematic operational structure. Staffs have treated me with utmost importance and during my stay in the shop I have not observed any kind of chaos or irrational behavior from the staffs. Each of the staff is well trained and knows very well how to handle customers. I am impressed with the systematic management functions of Apple store. 6.0 Answer 5 Sales staff of the store helped me to select right iPhone model suiting in accordance to product specificati on I mentioned to them. I purchased the product after hour long discussion with the staff of the store about various application of iPhone. I have also visited other parts of the store to go through various items like iPod, iTV and iTune offered by the company and each of the time I was welcomed by warm smile by staffs. Staffs of the store also helped me to understand various customer loyalty schemes offered by the company and gave me advised to select right loyalty program in accordance to my personality. I have thoroughly experienced the buying process during my last visit to Apple store (Noh, 2008, p. 14). 7.0 Answer 6 I have registered to membership program designed by Apple stores for their customers. I have purchased

The Crucible- Coursework Assignments Essay Example for Free

The Crucible- Coursework Assignments Essay Proctor is introduced to the Plays audience fairly early in the play, his entrance on the scene being announced rather dramatically by Mary Warrens reaction to it. The stage directions dictate the atmosphere surrounding Proctors entrance. The actress playing the part of Mary Warren is directed to leap in fright upon seeing Proctor enter, thereby portraying proctor as a character who is feared by Mary Warren, although the reason for that fear is not yet apparent. Mary Warren has already been portrayed as a servant in Proctors house and her directed reaction to meeting him at this point in the play gives us an insight into his relationship with her and generally into the effect that he has on people in his own household. Clearly Mary Warren at this point shows the audience that Proctor is either a man worthy of great respect and that she is in awe of him or that he is a domineering, unpleasant employer. The stage direction and Mary Warrens reaction as directed leave the audience in doubt as to precisely what type of character Proctor is, but in no doubt as to his effect on Mary herself. It is only when Proctor begins to speak that the audience learns that he is a strong minded and strict employer, capable of making life difficult for his servants and demanding unquestioning obedience. His opening remarks to Mary betray his character as such an employer when he says: Be you foolish, Mary Warren? Be you deaf? I forbid you to leave the house, did I not? Why shall I pay you? I am looking for you more often than my cows!  Despite the initial impression of Proctor as a man perhaps worthy of great awe and respect, he audience begins to see another side of the character in his dealings and conversation with Abigail. Abigail was at first brought into Proctors house as an aide for his wife Elizabeth. Whilst performing her duties as an aide, Abigail became involved in an intimate relationship with Proctor, unbeknown to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was aware of there being an unusual relationship between them but not aware of the extent or nature of the relationship. Proctor and Abigail conducted a secret and illicit affair for some time before Elizabeth became aware of the adultery and brought an end to the relationship by expelling Abigail from the house.  I came to think he fancied her. And so one night I lost my wits, I think, and put her out on the highroad. So as not to be disgraced, Elizabeth maintains to the world at large that her marriage is fine, but Proctors behaviour with Abigail has placed a strain on their marriage. Proctor is resentful of many things. Firstly he is clearly remorseful about the manner in which his conduct has affected his marriage and his relationship with Elizabeth. On the other hand he is resentful of Elizabeth for bringing to an end the relationship with Abigail which he obviously valued. His feelings towards Abigail are a mixture of anger (because of the damage to his marriage and the fact that a continued relationship with her is impossible) and longing in that if he had the opportunity to carry on the affair with Abigail or had his time again, he would continue the illicit relationship. He is therefore a man torn between his duty as a husband and his desires as Abigails former lover. He demonstrates this by flirting with Abigail but then moments later reminding her that their relationship can never be rekindled. Over shadowing all of these feelings is Proctors guilt at his infidelity. Although Proctors private life has been subjected to turmoil through his adultery with Abigail, this seems not to have affected his generally confident and opinionated views of matters outside his home. His first impressions, for example, of the mumblings of witch craft are sarcastic and betray his view that the suggestions are ridiculous.  (his smile widening): Ah, youre wicket yet, arent y!  Clearly Proctor believes the suggestions of witchcraft to be nothing but foolish nonsense of which he should take little or no notice. It is perhaps because he is talking to Abigail with whom he is flirting but at the same time trying to keep his distance that he does not take the talk of witchcraft seriously. He clearly has a special heart for Abigail, which he can no longer admit to, and his views of her and feelings towards her cloud his judgement on the aspect of witchcraft. He cannot take her seriously in this regard and simply makes a joke of the whole issue since his attentions are torn between his loving regard for her and his marital duty. Proctor constantly fights with his desire for Abigail whilst defending his duty as a married man not to become involved with her again. His guilt is obvious.  Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. Wipe is out of mind. We never touched, Abby. Proctors conversations with his wife Elizabeth further show the extent to which he is over sensitive about his conduct in the past. In their discussion in act two concerning the allegations of witchcraft in Salem, he is very defensive of Elizabeths suggestions that he go into Salem in order to set the record straight. The fact that he would have to call into doubt the word of Abigail makes matters worse. He knows that it is only right and proper that he go into Salem to tell the court that Abigail has fabricated the stories of witchcraft but it is his feelings for Abigail that have prevented him from doing so up to now. He knows that he cannot simply stand by and allow innocent people to hang, but if he exposes Abigail, he also runs the risk of harm to her and exposing his own infidelity. This is why he is so reluctant to go into Salem. His annoyance with Elizabeth is not based on her persistence in asking him to do the right thing (which he knows he must do) but rather upon her understandable doubts as to his true motives for not going into Salem immediately to challenge Abigail. Elizabeths criticism is justified and proctors anger is not.

General Analysis Of John Irvings Works :: essays research papers

John Winslow Irving stands out as one of the finest contemporary American authors. Born in Exeter, New Hampshire in July 1942, Irving attended an Exeter prep school at which his stepfather taught history. Although he excelled at English, he was discouraged by the fact that he was dyslexic, a condition which wasn't recognized back then and so had trouble keeping up. An avid wrestler, he attended the University of New Hampshire on a wrestling scholarship. There, he met a young Southern novelist named John Yount, who encouraged him to write. "It was so simple," he remembers. "Yount was he first person to point out that anything I did except writing was going to be vaguely unsatisfying." Similarly inspired by Dicken's work, particularly A Christmas Carol, and studying under GÃ ¼nter Grass in Vienna, Irving began to write what would later become his first novel, Setting Free the Bears (Irving, 1968). When he returned from Austria he married, and when his first child was born at age 23, he sold his 750 cc Royal Enfield- duly noted in Bears- and continued to write. Following the scant success of Bears, Irving wrote The Water Method Man in 1972, the story of a perpetual graduate student who can't seem to take anything to completion. Although it was criticized for lack of depth and character development, it incorporates an interesting shifting narrative and alternating time periods, which makes the book seem less traditional. Like Bears, both books contain mild autobiographical information. Fred- the implied narrator of the book- attended Exeter, studied in Vienna, and has a wrestling background. In 1978, he published The World According to Garp, which was instantly a success and made Irving a literary hero overnight. It is the story of "TS Garp, the bastard son of Jenny Fields, a feminist leader ahead of her times. Theirs is a world of sexual extremes and even sexual assassinations. Yet the dark, violent events of the story do not undermine a comedy both ribald and robust ." TS Garp, a wrestler and writer, has to deal with his mother's prominence in the feminist movement (though Jenny Fields herself was loath to call herself a feminist). Garp also contains characteristics that seem to earmark works of Irving: unfortunate accidents, wrestling, rich subplots, an intricate cast of characters, and a humor that mocks things that are traditionally sober and tragic. There is something to be said about Irving's talents that he can create humor of such tragedy, as in the terrible car accident, and not seem crass or dark.

Powerful Presentation Skill Essay

In almost all the business roles today, presentation skill has become a core competency and an inevitable prerequisite for any reasonable job. One of the popular fears among the people, after dogs, snakes heights, water, is public speaking. This category of people usually experience abnormal heartbeats, cold sweats, shivering and the worst, low or high blood pressures. Contrary to this, presentation skill can be developed and achieved through practice and observation. It’s exactly like learning to ride the bike. Here are some quick, tried and tested tips, if followed carefully they will make you a powerful presenter as well as an influential public speaker. Why do we give the presentations? Basically, there are four purposes of giving a presentation. Firstly, to inform your audience about what you know. In other words, it is called informative presentation. Secondly, to train, all the effectiveness of teaching and training activities for students and staff solely depend on the presentation skill of the teacher or trainer. The third purpose of giving a presentation is to persuade the public, our politicians are a very good example of that. During the election campaign, the politicians give persuasive presentations to convince the public to give them the vote. Lastly, sales people give presentations about their products to the customer and clients for the marketing. Pre-presentation Tips †¢Objective Before preparing any presentation one must be clear about the purpose of giving the presentation. Because, if you know clearly what you have to deliver it will help you find how to do it. †¢Content Once the objective is clearly defined, now you should focus the contents of your presentation. It means what is the scope of your talk. What is included and excluded. The contents must be according to the objective and the need of the audience. Through brainstorming, keeping in view your knowledge, audience and the topic, the parameters can be defined to cover the topic extensively. †¢Audience Jim Rohn, the American motivational speaker and writer, says, â€Å"Consider your audience†. It means who they are, what they already know about the topic, how old they are and what language and style they prefer etc. Once you are fully aware of all the facts it will help you tailor your presentation according to the needs of your audience. †¢Time and length People have their peak and low time according to the time of the day. Some people tend to be more active and alert in the morning. Therefore, if you present in the morning you might get positive feedback from your audience. On the other hand after lunch and in the evening people are likely to be drowsy and may not focus on what the presenter says. There, audience should be energized through activities and questions to keep them awake. Whereas, length means the time you are allotted to present. If it exceeds the timeline, you will lose the interest of the audience and the required purposes may not be achieved. †¢Structure One of the important components of success of any presentation is its structure. About the structure of the presentation, Jim Rohn says â€Å"Tell your audience what you are going to say, then say it all and at the end tell them again what you have just told them. In other words, it means introduction, body of the presentation and summary. †¢Take care of yourself The presenter’s health, mood, feelings and emotions matter a lot because if you are suffering from cough, sore throat or otherwise sad and sleepy you can not give a good first impression. So it’s a good idea to take care of your health to avoid any physical or mental distraction. †¢Practice makes perfect Mock presentations given to a group of friends, family members, colleagues or in front of a mirror, will help you grasp the subject and learn the content. As it is said, practice makes perfect. Rehearsal of your presentation will also increase your confidence. Verbal Communication Tips †¢Volume The first and the foremost phenomena in verbal communication is the voice of the presenter. If the presenter has a loud audible voice the message will get across clearly and completely to the audience. Usually, low pitched voices result in the failure of the presentation and the audience loses the interest in that presenter. Try to speak loud and clear but, not so loud that you cause your audience a headache due to your thundering voice. †¢Pace Pace means the speed of your lecture, speech or presentation. As a matter of fact, the listeners have their listening and understanding speed and the speakers have their speaking pace. Both the speeds must align with each other. Therefore, speak in a variety of paces if something is really important or serious, slow down to make your audience understand it. If you are repeating a point or giving a summary of your presentation then you might go with a faster pace. Use a variety of paces but make sure what you are delivering your audience is receiving it in the same way. †¢Pauses Pause is a short period in which something such as a sound or an activity is stopped before starting again. Pauses are like the punctuation marks in the written language. We use pauses or break the sequence of talk so that we might separate the most important to the least important. Besides, pauses create an impact of your words on the minds of the listeners. If you are describing a difficult point or delivering an informative presentation which is complex too, then you must stop briefly at certain points. Pauses give time to the audience to think, realize and absorb the information you are showering upon them. †¢Intonation Intonation is the change of voice as per the nature of the message you want to deliver. Communication experts believe words are lifeless unless we add our vocal variety in it. It is your voice that mixes up your words with feelings and emotions. This mixed voice is called intonation. The pitch and tone of your voice help you make the right intonation according to the message you deliver. For example, if you pass any test or exam you say loudly; Yaaahhhoooo! Now this interjection is expressed through your emotional voice which is intonation. Someone rightly said the voice that comes from heart has a deep impact on the listeners; this voice of the heart is in fact your intonation. As a powerful communicator express your feelings and emotions through your voice and give the heart touching presentations. †¢Avoid Artificial Fillers Artificial filler is either the repetition of a word or a sentence for example, ok, you know, fine etc or uttering some meaningless words like errrrr, aaaah, ehhh etc. Artificial fillers are a must-avoid during the presentation because they make your presentation funny or boring for the audience. A presenter must not repeat a word or a sentence time and again habitually. †¢Humour During Presentaion Well, it depends on the audience and the presentation environment because some presentations are delivered in a strict and serious environment where it is not appropriate at all to use humour or make the audience laugh. On the other hand, if it’s a friendly environment or training then a presenter must entertain the audience through some relevant jokes or funny stories. As it is said â€Å"Laughter is the best medicine† and if a presenter makes the audience smile and laugh they will remain active, energetic and will not feel bored. Do not criticize anyone or make fun of anyone of your audience. This might worsen the situation as most of the people never like to be laughed at. Nonverbal Communication Strategies †¢Body Positioning Nonverbal communication is the communication through body language which is in deed more powerful than the verbal type of communication. As a presenter, you are under the spot light. Every one looks at you during the session that’s why a presenter should stand at a place where he is visible to each and every individual sitting in front of him. During the presentation you must not stand still at one place and deliver the whole presentation there, rather you should change the position according to the situation but at every position your audience must be able to see you clearly. Never turn your back towards your audience. †¢Posture Posture means position of body or the way in which someone usually holds his shoulders, neck and back, or a particular position in which someone stands or sits etc. As you present you must mind your posture, it should be active and energetic. Lazy and inactive postures result in the concentration loss of the audience. Not only this, but the speaker becomes less reliable and unauthentic. Stand straight and confidently, put your shoulders at a relaxed but active positive. Positive postures give a very strong nonverbal message to your audience. †¢Movement The basic difference between speech and presentation is that during the speech the speaker stays at one place and talks but in the presentation the presenter is animated. The presenter moves around in the room purposefully, walks and talks with the audience. Therefore, a presenter must move but the movement has to be purposeful not a continuous movements or the nervous movements. While moving do not lose the eye contact with the audience. Move around but keep looking at the audience. †¢Hands During the presentation, your hands communicate effectively as well. In fact, your hands give meanings to your words and create an impact on the audience. There is a complete language known as Sign Language which is mostly based on hands signals. Do not cross your hands or rest them at the back just leave your arms loose by your sides and as you talk according to the words, sentence or message use your hands and fingers to make your message more meaningful and impressive. †¢Facial Expressions It is said, â€Å"Face is the index of mind†. Whatever we think it comes on the face through these facial expressions we communicate the deepest thoughts of our mind and feelings of our hearts. If you look at someone and smile, the other person will also smile in response and if you look at a child angrily, the child will be afraid of you. Our facial muscles make our face expressions and the facial muscles get activated when either we arouse our feelings and emotions in a certain way. Express yourself through your facial muscles and connect with your audience deeply and give a memorable presentation. †¢Eye Contact Your eyes are your lighthouse. As you talk do not look at the walls, fans or tube lights but the people sitting in front of you. When you look in to the eyes of the people it shows that you are giving them your attention and in response your audience also looks at you. Moreover, eye contact works like an infrared channel that transfers data from your mind to the minds of the listeners. But do not look at one person for more than 5 seconds because it might make him/her uneasy and it will also turn your eye contact to staring. Finally, be confident and practice all the points carefully. Fake it, until you make it and then it will become your natural presentation style.

Online vs Offline Distribution Strategies for Hotels

In order to set the context of the presentation, it is important to examine where the distribution strategy takes place in the global marketing strategy. According to Meidan and Lee (1982), four main stages constitute the global marketing strategy of hotels: identification of the target market and the needs of these customers; formulation of the marketing objectives; definition of the constraints (mainly linked to the environment of the hotel); and finally, allocation of marketing resources.This last stage can itself be divided in four components, following the Marketing Mix model of McCarthy (1960): product, place (also called distribution), promotion and price. Before the internet and online technologies, the distribution channels were limited in the hotel industry. They could be separated into two categories: direct and indirect channels of distribution. Direct channel was the internal Sales team of the hotel. Salespeople were of vital importance when it came to â€Å"making cont acts with companies, organisations and channel intermediaries, such as travel agents† (Meidan and Lee, 1982).Indirect channels of distribution include Tour Operators (travel agents), airlines and in centralized operations in the case of franchised or chains of hotels. In these circumstances, what kind of distribution strategy can be put in place? The importance of intermediaries in creating value has been outlined by Dub? and Renaghan (2000). Surveys amongst travel agents have shown that the expectations of these different actors differ. Second in the top ten hotel practices cited by these intermediaries stands the criteria â€Å"hotel has good sales representation†, while first is that the â€Å"hotel has up-to-date reservations computer†.This last argument might nowadays be seen as a required attribute, but in 2000 this was seen as an advantage to the hotel. Another example of distribution strategy is developing intermediaries’ loyalty, and the attribute s leading to this loyalty differ between travel agents and meeting planners. All these criteria changed with the arrival of internet, as studied in the next section. The importance of the internet in marketing and distribution is undisputed by scholars and has been for years.This is no different for Hoteliers who can access this resource through a number of different ways. Their own website allows hotels to have more reactive pricing strategies, keep information about themselves up to date, and provides the easiest method to have contact with customers. Online directory websites, tour operator websites, and travel agency websites all act as intermediaries between the hotel and customer in much the same way as the offline travel agent used to do but to a global audience.Whilst taking a commission these can still be profit maximising channels for hotels because they sell to a broader customer base than the hotel would otherwise have access to. Review websites, whilst not run by hotels either, are also a crucial contact network with consumers. They are trusted by consumers and tap into Word of Mouth which has long been recognized as effective. Search engines have similarly been identified as commonly used by potential tourists and provide huge amounts of traffic to hotel websites.It is therefore important to consider purchasing advertising space through these for the Hotelier’s distribution channel. Whilst search engines and review sites are not technically distribution channels (as you cannot book on them) they are still important to be aware on when looking from a hotel’s perspective at the online system. Having said all this it is important to remember how fast moving the technology is in this section and therefore the best hotels will have an eye on the future and how that will effect distribution channels.This is what the following section will look at. Innovative distribution strategies such as IVR Hotel Reservation System and Promoted Hotels on Google Hotel Finder are the future, where it will be easier for Hoteliers to promote themselves than ever before. It opens a bidding war between various OTA’s to provide the lowest price. Various innovations in social media can eventually lead to the death of Online Travel Agencies. But on the other hand, search engines will have nothing to worry about as there is hardly anything better than search.There has been a rapid increase in mobile bookings in recent years. More and more people have started using their mobile devices to make various reservations. Hence, Hoteliers should also focus more on developing their mobile websites, enhancing the user experience and making their website and content more discoverable by using search engine optimization techniques. They should also ensure that all the content on the site is multi-lingual because information is accessed by a global market.In today’s world, travellers are exposed to so much information coming via different platforms that they no longer keep track of the source of information or even the format. They do not know the difference between media channels and content formats. In other words, the coming together of media channels and consumers has led to a new channel – customer engagement. Hence, hotel distributors should pay more attention to direct online channel and its various sectors such as websites, social media platforms, mobile web development and so on.They need to invest more in multi-channel distribution and marketing strategies. We conclude with a summary of the merits of offline and online distribution channels today. For offline this includes the ability for up-sale to customers, access to a demand of customers wanting an easier time booking holidays that their own distribution channels might exclude, and the fact that the face-to-face contact can provide friendlier interaction with customers the hotel is otherwise not able to provide.Offline will remain important in t he present day by selling more tailor-made products and specific ‘experiences’. For Hoteliers it is important to tap this market as well. At the same time online is obviously an important distribution method as well. It allows hotels greater flexibility and control, a globalisation of the product, increased interaction with customers, an ease of pricing and allows an incorporation of social- and multi-media.

The China Price essays

The China Price essays The China price is a term that can either demolish or facilitate to further develop the economy of the United States. It is a recent movement in the economic power of the United States which has led them in a state of complete disorder. Cut your price by 30% or lose your customers to China is what the United States government is taking into consideration to prevent them from going bankrupt. The U.S. chartered firms are asking their suppliers that if they do not meet the "China Price", they can either lose commerce, cut the wages of their employees and many other standard benefits, or shut down and relocate their manufacturing amenities in China. In the United States, from 2000 to 2010 there will be a loss of 260,000 jobs from the auto parts industry alone. Both the furniture industry and the textile industry have been losing large numbers of jobs as the "China Price" manufacturers have been breaking up companies in states as North and South Carolina (Ralph Nader). The increase in the shock of the "China Price" will cut back earnings of the people and the companies in the United States. It will further destroy communities that are dependent on companies and suppliers who have repositioned themselves to China. The numeral figures of lost employment will rapidly increase in the next decade. A lot of economic laws and theories can be applied to this massive shift in the United States economic power. More and more people and companies are investing in China due to their cheap labor and rapid economic growth. Economists have forecasted that Chinas economy will take over the United States economy in the year 2025. This has increased the demand for trade and imports in the United States. They fear that their country would reach the point of underemployment in the near future. For this reason, the United States have to take safe and rather important measures. Their first step should be based on one regulation which is to ex...

Short Love Quotes from Movies

Short Love Quotes from Movies Look into your lovers eyes. Whisper one of these famous movie love quotes. Cupid has to strike! These famous movie love quotes are a favorite with many couples. If you are looking for the most seductive love quote, you will find it here. Love quotes of this intensity are hard to find. Casablanca Kiss me. Kiss me as if it were the last time. City of Angels I would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it. One. Crimes and Misdemeanors My husband and I fell in love at first sight... maybe I should have taken a second look. Fried Green Tomatoes A heart can be broken, but it keeps beating just the same. Four Weddings and a Funeral I always just hoped that, that Id meet some nice friendly girl, like the look of her, hope the look of me didnt make her physically sick, then pop the question and... um... settle down and be happy. It worked for my parents. Well, apart from the divorce and all that! Love and Death To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering, one must not love; but then one suffers from not loving. Therefore, to love is to suffer, not to love is to suffer, to suffer is to suffer. To be happy is to love; to be happy then is to suffer, but suffering makes one unhappy; therefore to be unhappy one must love or love to suffer or suffer from too much happiness. I hope youre getting this down. When Harry Met Sally I love that you get cold when it is 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle in your nose when youre looking at me like Im nuts. I love that after I spend day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And its not because Im lonely, and its not because its New Years Eve. I came here tonight because when you realize you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of your life to start as soon as possible. You cant express every feeling that you have every moment that you have them. Wizard of Oz Hearts will never be practical until they are made unbreakable... Without a heart, I can never really know what it would be like to love someone, or ever really understand trashy novels.