Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - 897 Words

Throughout the beginning of her testimonial, Rigoberta Menchu defines her life and circumstances through suffering eyes. Tradition teaches her that life is about pain and hardships that must be endured. Generation after generation has accepted this lot in life, which is inevitable. She feels suffering is her peoples fate. Yet in Chapter XVI a profound movement occurs within her consciousness. She starts questioning the inevitability of suffering, wondering if it is somehow preventable. She also implements her communal outlook on life to encompass other Indian communities besides her own. Her knowledge of the injustice being rained on her people is realized to effect neighboring communities as well. Being suffocated by oppression,†¦show more content†¦Rigoberta sees the manipulative ways that the rich capitalize on the poor. If not through sheer force and violence it’s through the overcharging of legal fees, underpay at the finca, and using the language barrier to thei r advantage. All these exploitive measures light the fire of hate in Rigobertas’ heart. She’s too disgusted to fear anymore and is no longer in acceptance of her passive role. All these new realizations and thoughts start cultivating a mind set of activism which is new to Rigoberta and is most definitely outside the box from which she was brought up to think inside. Rigoberta starts questioning her perspective on ladinos, wondering if they are really all bad. She befriends Indians who have worked with poor ladinos who suffer from the same problems as her community does. The poor, from ladino to Indian, are exploited just the same yet they are so conditioned to dislike one another it’s hard for them to unite and really consider their circumstances the same. This troubles Rigoberta greatly for she knows that the heart of her distress aches from abuse from the rich landowners and if the poor ladinos are abused the same, they ache as well. Rigoberta dares to live in a state of confusion when wondering why there is such an enormous barrier between ladino and Indian. This confused state of mind is progressive for her time because her culture has long equated change and confusion with chaos andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator?604 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh Dâ₠¬â„¢Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious privateRead MoreThe Rigoberta Menchu Controversy1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rigoberta Menchà º Controversy I, Rigoberta Menchà º at first seems like an autobiography, but that is not what it is meant to be. Menchà º wrote the book as a testimony of her peoples lives to be a voice for her people and show the world what is going on. There was a lot of controversy about whether Rigoberta deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, and if this book should be taught to students. There are allegations that she fabricated a lot of the story. People say that the book is not an accurate portrayalRead MoreRigoberta Menchu Literary Analysis871 Words   |  4 Pagesnational government and the indigenous Maya population. In I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, we witness Menchus compelling narrative highlighting indigenous life during the Guatemalan Civil War. Since publication, her narrative has achieved world acclaim as it was awarded the Nobel Peace in 1992. Such acclaim, however, has incited critics to question her narrative, as does anthropologist David Stoll in Rigoberta Menchu and the Stor y of All Poor Guatemalans. Although the questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book I, Rigoberta Menchu By Menchu1432 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† by Menchu is an autobiography that details the genocide of the Mayan people in Guatemala. The book has earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for publishing the truth about the trials and tribulations that the indigenous people of Guatemala faced. The problem is that the autobiography has been found to be untrue. The details of the book were fabricated by Menchu, in an attempt to send her message about the indigenous Guatemalan people s struggles. This has created a controversyRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 PagesRigoberta Menchu, a Quiche Indian woman native to Guatemala, is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for politically reaching out to her country and her people. In her personal testimony tittled â€Å"I, Rigoberta Menchu† we can see how she blossomed into the Nobel P rize winner she is today. Following a great deal in her father’s footsteps, Rigoberta’s mobilization work, both within and outside of Guatemala, led to negotiations between the guerillas and the government and reduced the army power withinRead MoreThe First Revolution By Rigoberta Menchu2259 Words   |  10 Pagesrevolution we were exposed to was a Guatemalan revolt, lead by Rigoberta Menchu. Menchu was a Guatemalan woman who saw a need for change in her country, for reasons we will discuss further along. Menchu led her revolution through peaceful protests, and kindness. This peaceful protesting had positives and negatives. The second revolution was a Cuban revolt, led by, Che Guevara. Guevara did not lead his revolution in the same was Menchu did, he was a violent man, who led a violent protest that includedRead MoreThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pagestheir story, and be able to translate it into an eloquent ethnography. In â€Å" I, Rigoberta Menchu†, Elisabeth Burgos approaches this book with more of a narrative , testimonial perspective from her protagonist, Rigoberta Menchu. Evidently, this approach or writing style is not commonly used by anthropologists, but it was a good approach. She introduces and provides readers an overview of how she came across Rigoberta Menchu, and explains how inspired and attentive she was to Menchu’s life story. I thoughtRead More An Indian Woman In Guatemala Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesAn Indian Woman In Guatemala Guatemala is the land of Eternal Springs and the home of the richly cultured and historic Mayan people. It it also the country of Rigoberta Menchu, an illiterate farm worker, turned voice of oppressed people everywhere. Guatemala also has the sad distinction of being home to Latin Americas oldest civil war. For more than three decades, left-wing guerrillas have fought a series of rightist governments in Guatemala. The war has killed an estimated 140,000 in Read MoreIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageserase history. We are trying to include knowledge about our own historians and writers. Why do we have to wait until college to learn about Jose Marti, Ruben Dario, and Rigoberta Menchu among other important Latin authors? In fact, it wasnt until I took Latin American literature, that I learned about Ruben Dario, Rigoberta Menchu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, etc. In addition, it wasnt until I took Race, Nation and Borders in American literature, that I learned about Jose MartiRead MoreAnalysis Of I Attended A Lecture Given By Zimbabwean Writer Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesI was sad to hear that he passed away last year. On a positive note, this anecdote made me judge the quality of literature based on his belief on what literature should do. I also found this advocacy for change in this class’ texts. In I, Rigo bera Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, an autobiography, The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by Paulina Chiziane, and Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, the authors seek to change how women are perceived

Definitions of Film Response Essay Samples Ib

Definitions of Film Response Essay Samples Ib So, it's important to entertain yourself from every facet of entertainment. Bear in mind that if you analyze your paper, your principal task is to make certain your audience understands the key points without a lot of difficulty. A small change can begin an enormous chain reaction in the proper direction to solving many issues involving our environment. Social media might be noisy location, and just in focusing on your work and content can you find some type of peace in the middle of attempting to be heard. School Response Essay Writing isn't a breeze. You may have a look at our Sample College Essays for more information. Academic papers need you to identify a specific angle to pursue in writing, which is going to be the basis of the paper. If your school isn't one already, learn to develop into an IB World School as a way to implement the DP. After the first couple of weeks of the semester, you're expected to produce your own writing topics. As a way to excel in an elongated essay, the student must strategize to be able to comprehensively compose a topic. Many students decide to use essay samples to compose their papers but it's not always an excellent idea. You will have the ability to review a sample essay. To make it simpler for you to compose a crucial analysis essay, we've got a valuable analysis writing template that will direct you through the most vital points. A reading response essay pursues the purpose of summarizing a text below your consideration and demonstrating your reaction to the bit of writing. Developing a summary and response essay can be a difficult task. The other facet of Computer Science involves being in a position to program. Give a concise illustration of what's going to be discussed in the review and proceed to the thesis. Be certain that the thesis is original and at the exact same time dependent on the analysis. It's possible to download totally free essay example papers on the Internet. It's a good idea to remember that in the event that you do not write clearly, it will be quite tricky to come up with your arguments. As a way to understand that you're working with a crucial analysis, you've got to try to remember that analysis means breaking down and studying of the parts. As stated in my preceding post defining artificial intelligence is notoriously challenging. You have to reveal your critical thinking abilities and make judgments about the subject as you analyze a report, so it's possible to produce clear opinion and conclusions. A completed movie is similar to a puzzle. Illustrate both the message of the film and the way the film connects to a person. Construct a narrative overview of how you intend to talk about your films. Written By Nicole Goldstein One of the absolute most important elements in a film is the vital expression of the film that you're making. First of all, you've got to observe the movie. Movies are among the most affordable, but, at precisely the same time one of the most enjoyable and all-inclusive entertainment. Therefore, they mean entertainment as well as a medium of a message to change the perception. The movie thus is among the great must watch on account of the above stated reasons. A movie review writing guide provides the writer instructions on the best way to compose a movie review. On the last part, you may also compare the documentary with others in the exact same genre or subject in order to produce readers have more thorough understanding of the review. The introduction is easily the most appealing method of the way to begin a movie review, and contains the overview of the film and opinion which will be stated. The introduction for a movie review needs to be appealing, so the reader can find the feel of wanting to read more.

Networks and Distributed System SDN and PBM - Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theNetworks and Distributed System for SDN and PBM. Answer: Introduction As the technology is advanced, challenges are also increased proportionally. As the network access and usage is increased the challenges of distribution of the appropriate content and resources to the end user are also proportionally increasing. As the computing devices are in a wider range, requirements of the end user are also in a wider range, it needs a detailed evaluation of the contemporary networking approaches made available today. Software Defined Networks Definition Software Defined Networking is anew networking approaches that to manage the services of the network, through higher-level functionality abstraction, by the network administrator. The functionality can be achieved through system decoupling and makes appropriate decisions of where to send the traffic from control plane, the system underlying and let the traffic to forward towards the data plane or to the targeted destination. The function of the SDN is more associated with the OpenFlow protocol for communicating with the elements of network plan, however, OpenFlow has not been a single solution for many companies, because of the emergence of many new different techniques. Architecture The architecture of the SDN is based on the OpenFlow protocol, as a foundational element to build the proposed solution. So, the architecture has the following characteristics. Agile Administrators will be enabled to abstract the control from forwarding and allow the flow of the network wide traffic, dynamically, based on the dynamically changing traffic needs. Directly Programmable Administrator can program the network control directly, as forwarding functions can be very well decoupled. Centrally Managed Network intelligence is centralized, logically in the SDN controllers that are software based and allows maintaining network global view that appears to engines for policy and applications as a switch that is logical and single. Open Standards-based and vendor-neutral The network operations and network design are simplified, when these are implemented through the open standards, because SDN controllers are provided, instead of the vendor-specific, multiple devices and protocols. Programmatically Configured The network manages would be able to configure secure, optimize and manage the network resources easily and quickly through automated and dynamic SDN programs that can even be written by themselves, as the programs are independent of the proprietary software. Benefits The new SDN architecture is developed to manage the needs of the traffic resulted from the explosion of the server virtualization, cloud services advent and mobile devices and related content and the relative trends to drive the networking industry and help re-examining the architectures of the traditional network. The present or current networks are built with Ethernet switches tiers and hierarchical that is arranged in a structure of a tree. This design is suitable for the networks of the client-server models. However, this is a static architecture that is poorly suitable to the present the needs of the dynamic computing and computing storage resulted from the enterprise campuses, data centres and carrier environment. The software defined networking has the following benefits to the processes, organizations. Managing the New Traffic Patterns The new traffic patterns of today within the enterprise data centre are now compatible with the software defined network. Todays changing traffic patterns of the network of the users are capable to be managed by the new networking approach. Users pushing the access to the new applications and corporate content from various mobile computing devices that connects at any point of time or anytime are the new demands and now easier and compatible with the SDN. The additional traffic that has been developing across the WAN (Wide Area Network) is resulting, as the new utility computing model that includes public cloud, private cloud or hybrid of both, by the enterprise data centre managers. Easier Consumerization of IT The job of the information technology is now easier to fulfil the demands of the increasing employing of the mobile computing devices, like notebooks, tablets, smartphones for accessing the corporate data and accommodate these computing devices. The fulfilment is done in a fine-grained manner and the intellectual data and corporate data can be well protected and meet the mandates of the compliance. Rising Cloud Services Enterprises can now result in growth of the devices, by embracing the cloud services, both private and public. The needs of the business units of the enterprises now can have agility for accessing the infrastructure, access applications and the resources of IT, on demand. The intention and planning of IT for cloud services can now be done in the increased security, auditing requirements, compliance. The elastic scaling of storage, resources of network, computing can now enable self-servicing provisioning, either in public or private cloud. More Bandwidth for Big Data The requirements and demands of todays mega data sets or big data with parallel processing over the servers connecting each other can be fulfilled with the software defined networks. Demand for the additional capacity of the network in the data centre can be fulfilled by the SDN. Architecture Figure: software defined networking architecture high level overview The architecture of the SDN has the following components. SDN Application SDN applications communicate their requirements of the networks and the respective desired behaviour of network toe the controller of the SND, explicitly, programmatically, directly, through NBI (Northbound Interface). It consists of NBI drivers and SDN Application logic. They expose another layer of control of the abstracted control, so that higher level NBIs are offered through the NBI agents. SDN Controller SDN controller is vital part of the architecture and is centralized logically. It acts as an in charge of Translating the requirements received from the application layer of SDN towards the data paths Providing the applications of the SDN with a network abstract view that include the events and statistics. Every SDN controller has SDN control logic, NBI agents, CDPI (Control to Data-Plane Interface) driver. SDN Data path SDN Data path is a vital component that acts as a logical network device and helps exposing visibility and controls the advertised forwarding and capabilities of data processing. SDN CDPI Control to Data-Plane Interface stands as an interface between the SDN path and controller. SDN NBI Northbound Interface works as interface between the SDN controllers and applications. Impact on IT Staff Adaptability Lower operating and hardware costs Improved uptime Improved planning and management Tighter security Policy Based Network Management Definition Policy Based network Management stands to be a new technology that is capable of simplifying the tedious and complex tasks related to the distributed system and network management. It enables the network administrator to deploy the policies to manage various distributed or network system aspects in simplified and flexible manner. The policies in turn govern the behaviour of the network and processing. Policies are the rules that are independent from the technology. They aim at enhancement of the managed devices hard-coded functionality by introducing the interpreted logic that changes dynamically, without changing the implementations underlying. It allows programmability to some extent, without the need for operation interruption of managed system. Architecture The architecture of the policy based management consists of the following four functional elements, PDP Policy Decision Point PMT Policy Management Tool PEP Policy Enforcement Point Policy Repository Figure: PBM Architecture and Elements PMT enables the administrator to enforce the policies definition or update in the managed network. Then the policies resulted are stored in the policy repository in a new form for corresponding to the information model. So, it ensures interoperability possible across the products resulted from many vendors. When the existing policies are changed or new ones are added, in the repository, the relevant PDP along with the necessary notifications, by the PMT issues. The policies are interpreted by the PDP and communicate the policies towards the PEP. The latter one is considered as a component used to run on a node that runs on policy awareness and enforces to execute the policies. All these components communicate with each other through many protocols. Policy Refinement Policy refinement transforms a abstract or higher level policy specification into concrete and low level policies, which could be enforced for the systems that are managed. Logical PBM Architecture Figure: Logical PBM Architecture of PBM Characteristics The following are the distinct characteristics of the network management and traffic that is policy based. Stateful traffic inspection Classification and categorization of the network, like data, video, web, voice, audio, protocol, etc. User identification, for instance, through hostname, IP address, login account, etc. Policy enforcement Application identification, anything like, application type and well-known service Deployment Policies Wider areas of services as well as the controls can be deployed through the policy based network management as the following, for example. Scope of control, like control of the mode groups, users, etc. Centralized policy management, with certain directives and rules that can be established on access policy of the network Scalability of the end-nodes, end-users, etc. Distribution policy controls, like resources of memory, local processor, etc. Network privileges, specific to the users, with roaming policies Network privileges specific to the applications, like bandwidth, admission control, etc. Restrictions of time and delay Restrictions of traffic class, like email, chat, email, web pages, etc. Restrictions of site, in terms of allowing specific URLs, denying specific URLs and IP Addresses Restrictions of content, like keywords, PICS ratings web documents, phrases with logical operators AND, OR, email etc. Dynamic bandwidth management, like reservation of bandwidth, bandwidth on demand, etc. Traffic recording performed based on triggers Prioritization of the traffic, like voice acceleration Surveillance of networking, with status monitor Alert notifications Reporting of violation Network congestion management Traffic billing, like accounting, budget allocation, etc. Example Policies The network administrator can set the networks with the following example policies. Allow access of internet only for a certain amount of time Allow access of only a few websites Only specified group of people to access the specific directories on the network Allow specified group to access certain services and resources of the network Allocate only a certain amount of bandwidth to particular application Run antivirus locally, on the server and client for every x minutes Virus check from a specific drive to the hard disk Automation of reactions that are pre-defined Translation of policies at higher level into the configuration of low level specifications of the low devices Example Deployment Figure: An Example Deployment PBM Conclusion There are new security challenges created by the pervasive mobile computing as well as the communication. These problems as well as the network management issues can be solved through the PBM networking approach. However, though there are many solutions, the same concept and approach brings new challenges. And the research is going on and continuing to overcome the new challenges. Benefits Policy Based Network Management has many benefits associated with the processes, organizations as the following. Client Based Paradigm A comprehensive network policy not only manages the traffic at the network backbone and pints of WAN access, but also should have manage the traffic at the origin. The network access is regulated by the firewalls, based on the server, without end-nodes direct involvement. It gives a clear indication that the end user or end node acts dumb. The new networking approach make the proxy based firewall, as a gateway, acts as viable and potential applications for control and security. Until this proxy becomes available, new services over the network are denied. Firewall that is based on packet inspection needs modifications that are application sensitive to the code of inspections towards providing maximum security and also help the new services to be allowed to pass through the firewall. In this client centric approach, content application specific inspection and the privileges of access for the new services can be provisioned easily at the location of the client, without modifying the client software. Network Traffic Management A spectrum of traffic that is quite typical and usual in the present network environments, adaptive and dynamic mechanisms would be offered by bandwidth specification, in association with the traffic policy. Usually, the applications traffic nature might be characterized by variable or constant bit rage, burst or continuous bandwidth allocation, continuous or loose relationships of timing between the delay sensitivity and endpoints. Here a potential combination of allocation of bandwidth based on application and priority offers intuitive and flexible resource management method. Managed Network Architecture The new networking approach makes the policy control protocol to be extensible and simpler to support information specific to the diverse client and policy directives, without the need for protocol modification. Distributed Architecture The architecture provided and distributed by policy.net, provides a module services and single framework towards simplification of traffic engineering. Deployment Configuration Policy gateway configuration supports all host end-nodes types over the network. Policy gateway configuration comprises multiple end-nodes of client distributed and gateway node that is single multi-homed on the LAN. Policy.net enterprise model can be configured in terms of license per seat and intended to deploy in the environment of business, which requires granular control of both end-users and end-nodes. Both of these configurations can operate with NAT (Network Address Translation), proxy server, VPN (Virtual Private Network) gateway or IP Router from any of the provider. Policy Agent Policy is enforced through packet, session and application level filters through the real time engine, from the agent. End Point Policy Enforcement Rules are enforced at each of the layer for determining the access to be partial, full or deny through traffic to the following layers towards evaluation further. After applying the rules, the traffic starts flowing through the rate control engines, where bandwidth privileges are enforced for service or application. Policy Server The policy server is set of database servers and manager, distributed ways to manage the agents of polcy at the network endpoints. Remote Administration Management services enabled through graphical user interfaces, with the help of policy administrator, remote console and policy monitor. Content Restriction Continuous issues that are associated with the blocking filters of content in the cyberspace are addressed by policy.net Activity Reports The activity report is provided including accurate and granular connection level information. Stateful Traffic Inspection Inspection of the content and protocols in compliance with the internet standards that are established by the stateful traffic provided by the real-time agents Network Congestion Management Meaningful congestion management can be facilitated from the prioritization and classification of the traffic deriving the rate controls. Agent Traffic Recorder The non-promiscuous operation mode is non-intrusive on the network traffic broadcast of traffic recorder and providers better performance and granularity, when compared with the traditional network monitors with promiscuous mode Remote Access Management The remote network access is controlled and regulated by policy.net through VPN connections and dialup adapters over the internet. System Security Security is enforced by the cryptographic technology and state-of-the-art encryption to ensure the user administration integrity, supervision and authentication. System Resource Requirements The effective use of algorithms and memory of non-paged system for content analysis of the incremental pocket are key to the performance at real time. Impact on IT Staff Policy Based Management impacts the IT staff in such a way that the resource provision is done only through the policies defined and distributed among them. The key success for this network approach is in the defining the policies, monitoring the network traffic and access consistently, throughout the life of the network. Analysis Both the SDN and PBM are potential in managing the traffic of the network with their own strengths and the following are the capabilities of them. Capability SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING POLICY BASED MANAGEMENT Provision of centralized networking Holistic enterprise management More granular security Lower cost for operating Savings of hardware and reduced expenditures of capital Cloud abstraction Guaranteed content delivery Networking management, physical Vs. Virtual Reduced downtime Isolation and traffic control Central networking management Extensibility Client based paradigm Improved network traffic management Managed network architecture Distributed architecture Deployment configuration Better policy agent End point policy enforcement Effective policy server Remote administration Content restriction Activity reports Stateful traffic inspection Network congestion management Agent traffic recorder Remote access management System security Effective usage of the resource requirements Infrastructure Requirements Apart from the regular requirements of the network, the following infrastructure is needed for the new networking approaches. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING POLICY BASED MANAGEMENT Model of automated control, centralized and provisioning Multi-tenancy support Supporting monitoring, establishment and maintenance of SLAs Optimizing network resources Increase service velocity Integration of Ethernet,applying the SDN principles and telecommunication technologies Infrastructure majorly in definition of the policies and implementation Recommendation SDN has the potential benefits to the proposed organization majorly in the effective management of the traffic, in a much easier ways, so that todays speed requirements of the network and internet can be achieved by the organization. However, there are many security issues associated with the SDN, as the infrastructure and protocols are yet to be tighter towards tighter and effective security of the content and privileges for the resources. PBM architecture has potential benefits to the organization that focuses on regulation of the provision of the resources of the network to the end user. In this context of adapting the new network architecture to the organization, end-users belong at various levels of hierarchy and the end user at each hierarchical level need unique set of control that can be defined with policies. PBM can justify the needs of unique set of controls to the end user and when the restrictions are regulations are made, the traffic would be automatically distributed to various content and resources, to at least half the extent and the remaining to be managed with other network speed enhancing methods. Out of the two choices, SDN and PBM, policy based management can be recommended for the safety and security of the intellectual property and fair distribution of the content and resources to the authorized users, without the possibilities of hacking, peeping, etc. References "Interop 2014: Avaya to showcase Automated Campus part of SDN initiative". Info Tech Lead. Agrawal, D. Giles, J,. Lee, K. Lobo, J, 2005, Policy Ratification, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Networks and Distributed Systems, Stockholm, Sweden. Al-Shaer, E. Hamed, H, 2004, Discovery of Policy Anomalies in Distributed Firewalls, proceedings of IEEE Communications Society Conference, Hong Kong. Al-Shaer, E. Hamed, H, 2004, Modeling and Management of Firewall Policies, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 1. Al-Shaer, Ehab, Al-Haj, Saeed, 2010, "FlowChecker: Configuration analysis and verification of federated OpenFlow infrastructures".Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Assurable and usable security configuration Bandara, A Lupu, EA. Russo, A, 2003, Using Event Calculus to Formalise Policy Specification and Analysis, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks, Lake Como, Italy. Benton, Kevin, Camp, L, Jean, Small, Chris, 2013, "Openflow vulnerability assessment".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking Bernardo, Chua, 2015, Introduction and Analysis of SDN and NFV Security Architecture (SA-SECA). 29th IEEE AINA 2015 Blair, L. Turner, K, 2005, Handling Policy Conflicts in Call Control, proceedings of International Conference on Feature Interaction, Leicester, UK. Braga, Rodrigo, Mota, Edjard, Passito, Alexandre, 2010, "Lightweight DDoS flooding attack detection using NOX/OpenFlow".Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2010 IEEE 35th Conference Canini, Marco, Venzano, Daniele, Peresini, Peter, Kostic, Dejan, Rexford, Jennifer; et al., 2012,A NICE Way to Test OpenFlow Applications. NSDI Charalambides, M. Flegkas, P. Pavlou, G, Loyola, R. Bandara, A. Lupu, E, Sloman, M, Russo, A. Dulay, N, 2009, Policy Conflict Analysis for DiffServ Quality of Service Management, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 6, No. 1. Davy, S. Jennings, B. Strassner, J, 2008, Application Domain Independent Policy Conflict Analysis Using Information Models, proceedings of IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, Bahia, Brazil. Feamster, Nick, 2010, "Outsourcing home network security".Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Home networks. Giotis, K, Argyropoulos, Christos, Androulidakis, Georgios, Kalogeras, Dimitrios, Maglaris, Vasilis, 2014, "Combining OpenFlow and sFlow for an effective and scalable anomaly detection and mitigation mechanism on SDN environments".Computer Networks Hayward, S, Sandra, O'Callaghan, Gemma, Sezer, Sakir, 2013, "SDN security: A survey".Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), 2013 IEEE SDN Jin, Ruofan, Wang, Bing, 2013, "Malware detection for mobile devices using software-defined networking".Research and Educational Experiment Workshop (GREE), 2013 Second GENI Kreutz, D, Ramos, Fernando, Verissimo, Paulo, 2013, "Towards secure and dependable software-defined networks".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. Lupu, E. Sloman, M, Conflicts in Policy-based Distributed Systems Management, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special Issue on Inconsistency Management, Vol. 25 Moore, B, Ellesson, E, Strassner, J, Westerinen, A, 2001, Policy Core Information Model,RFC 3060, IETF. Samak, T. Al-Shaer, E. Li, H, 2008, QoS Policy Modeling and Conflict Analysis, proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policies for Networks and Distributed Systems, New York, USA. Sherwood, Rob, Gibb, Glen, Yap, Kok-Kiong, Appenzeller, Guido, Casado, Martin, McKeown, Nick, Parulkar, Guru, 2009, "Flowvisor: A network virtualization layer".OpenFlow Switch Consortium, Tech. Rep Sloman, M, 1994, "Policy Driven Management for Distributed Systems," Journal of Network and Systems Management, Vol. 2, Plenoum Press Strassner, J, 2004, Policy-Based Network Management, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

The Happiest Day in My Life free essay sample

I was sitting in my room after finishing my home work. As my friends were away to hill stations, I was feeling very lonely. I watched the cars and other vehicles passing by and wished that like my friends, I would also have been travelling or passing my time. While my mind was occupied with thoughts of holidays and having fun with my friends, the door bell rang. I ran to answer it and found the postman with a parcel and a letter for me. I signed the paper and took the parcel. My hands were itching to open the packet as my curiosity knew no bounds. I ripped the parcel open and found a beautiful tape recorder in it. The parcel had been sent from the United States and the letter along with it was from my uncle who had sent me that wonderful gift. However, even more joy than receiving the tape recorder was the letter which my uncle had written. We will write a custom essay sample on The Happiest Day in My Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The letter was an invitation to go to the United States for my holidays. My uncle had arranged everything for me-the tickets and the visa, and I already had a passport. My heart skipped several beats as I ran to give this great news to my mother. She was taken aback initially and her first reaction was not so positive. However, she thought about it, consulted my father who was at his office and they both agreed to allow me to go to the United States to spend the rest of my holidays with my uncle. I jumped from room to room and started packing my clothes, my toys, my books and other articles that I would need on the flight and in America. My mind was filled with various ideas about how I would spend my time with my cousins. I started dreaming about Disney world, Universal studios, the Statue of Liberty, the Grand Canyon and all the other tourist attractions that I had read about in magazines. My father took me shopping the same day because he felt that I would need some more things to take with me. We bought gifts for my cousins and my uncle and aunt and when I came back home my cupboard was full of new clothes, shoes, gifts, etc. Since I had not expected any such thing to happen to me, and I had been feeling sorry for myself, this offer came as a great surprise. This was indeed the happiest day of my life and I dont think I shall ever forget it as long as I live.